Phunzirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi ndi kusiyana kwawo: API ndi chipata cha ASME, globe, cheke, mpira, ndi mapangidwe agulugufe (pamanja kapena oyendetsedwa, okhala ndi matupi opangidwa ndi oponyedwa). Mwachidule, ma valve ndi zida zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi kuti aziwongolera, kuwongolera ndi kutsegula / kutseka kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga kwake. Mavavu opangidwa ndi zida amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi ang'onoang'ono kapena othamanga kwambiri, mavavu oponyera mapaipi pamwamba pa mainchesi awiri.
KODI VALVE NDI CHIYANI?
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani a petrochemical amagwirizana ndi izi:
1. Yambani/kuyimitsani kutuluka kwa madzimadzi (ma hydrocarbon, mafuta & gasi, nthunzi, madzi, ma asidi) kudzera mu payipi (chitsanzo: valavu pachipata, valavu ya mpira, vavu ya butterfly, vavu ya chipata cha mpeni, kapena valavu ya pulagi)
2. Sinthani kayendedwe ka madzimadzi kudzera papaipi (mwachitsanzo: vavu ya globe)
3. Yang'anirani kutuluka kwa madzimadzi ( valve control )
4. Sinthani njira yolowera (mwachitsanzo valavu ya mpira wanjira zitatu)
5. Yang'anirani kupanikizika kwa njira (kuchepetsa valavu)
6. Tetezani mapaipi kapena chipangizo (pampu, mota, thanki) kupsinjika kwambiri (chitetezo kapena kuchepetsa kupanikizika) kapena kupsinjika kumbuyo (chongani valavu)
7. Sefa zinyalala zomwe zikuyenda paipi, kuteteza zida zomwe zitha kuonongeka ndi zolimba (y ndi zosefera za basket)
Valavu imapangidwa pophatikiza ziwalo zingapo zamakina, zofunika kwambiri kukhala thupi (chipolopolo chakunja), chowongolera (kuphatikiza zigawo zonyowetsedwa), tsinde, boneti, ndi njira yochitira (chiwongolero chamanja, zida kapena actuator).
Mavavu okhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono (nthawi zambiri mainchesi 2) kapena omwe amafunikira kukana kupanikizika ndi kutentha amapangidwa ndi matupi achitsulo; mavavu amalonda omwe ali pamwamba pa mainchesi 2 m'mimba mwake amakhala ndi zida za thupi.
VALVE BY DESIGN
● GATE VALVE: Mtundu uwu ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapaipi ndi mapaipi. Ma valve a zipata ndi zida zoyendera zoyendera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka kutuluka kwamadzimadzi (valavu yotseka). Mavavu a pachipata sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito popukutira, mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kutuluka kwamadzimadzi (ma valve a globe kapena mpira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pano). Chifukwa chake, valve yachipata imatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu (ndi mawilo amanja, magiya kapena magetsi, pneumatic ndi hydraulic actuators)
● GLOBE VALVE: Mtundu uwu wa vavu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwedeza (kuwongolera) kutuluka kwa madzi. Ma valve a globe amathanso kutseka kutuluka, koma kuti izi zitheke, ma valve a zipata amawakonda. Vavu ya globe imapangitsa kutsika kwapaipi, chifukwa madziwa amadutsa mumsewu wopanda mzere.
● CHECK VALVE: mtundu uwu wa valavu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeŵa kubwerera mmbuyo mu dongosolo la mapaipi kapena payipi yomwe ingawononge zida zotsika pansi monga mapampu, ma compressor, ndi zina zotero. Pamene madzi ali ndi mphamvu yokwanira, amatsegula valavu; ikabwerera (kubwerera kumbuyo) pazitsulo zapangidwe, imatseka valavu - kuteteza kuyenda kosafunikira.
● VALIVU YA MPIRA: Valavu ya Mpira ndi valavu ya quarter-turn yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka. Valavu imatsegula ndikutseka kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kudzera mu mpira womangidwa, womwe umazungulira mkati mwa thupi la valve. Ma valve a mpira ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani omwe amangoyimitsa ndipo ndi opepuka komanso ophatikizika kwambiri kuposa ma valve a pachipata, omwe amagwira ntchito zofanana. Mapangidwe awiri akulu ndi oyandama ndi trunnion (mbali kapena pamwamba kulowa)
● VALVE YA BUTTERFLY: Iyi ndi valavu yosinthasintha, yotsika mtengo, yosinthira kapena kutsegula / kutseka kutuluka kwa madzi. Ma valve a butterfly amapezeka pakupanga kokhazikika kapena kozungulira (kawiri / katatu), ali ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndipo akukhala opikisana kwambiri ndi ma valve a mpira, chifukwa cha zomangamanga zosavuta komanso mtengo wake.
● PINCH VALVE: Uwu ndi mtundu wa valavu yoyenda yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popukutira ndi kutseka pamapaipi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolimba, slurries ndi zamadzimadzi wandiweyani. Valve ya pinch imakhala ndi chubu chotsitsa kuti chiwongolere kuyenda.
● PLUG VALVE: Pulagi valve imayikidwa ngati kotala-kutembenukira valavu zotsekera ntchito. Ma valve oyambira oyamba adayambitsidwa ndi Aroma kuti aziwongolera mapaipi amadzi.
● VAVU YACHITETEZO: Vavu yotetezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mapaipi ku mapini owopsa omwe angawononge moyo wa anthu kapena katundu wina. Kwenikweni, valavu yotetezera imatulutsa kuthamanga ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali wadutsa.
● VALVE YOLAMULIRA: awa ndi ma valve opangira makina ovuta a petrochemical.
● Y-STRAINERS: ngakhale kuti si valve yoyenera, Y-strainers ali ndi ntchito yofunikira yosefera zinyalala ndi kuteteza zipangizo zapansi zomwe zingawonongeke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2019